Hydrocephalous

<p>Definition:</p><p>A condition characterized by fluid buildup in the brain due to disrupted circulation or absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).</p><p>Causes:</p><p>Blockage in CSF Flow:<br> Obstruction within the brain&#x27;s ventricles prevents fluid movement.</p><p>Impairment in Subarachnoid Space Flow:<br> Reduced flow of CSF within the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain and spinal cord.</p><p>CSF Absorption Issues:<br> Problems in reabsorbing CSF into the bloodstream, often due to malfunctioning arachnoid granulations.</p><p>Symptoms:</p><p>Physical Changes:</p><p>Enlarged head size (in infants).</p><p>Widened cranial sutures.</p><p>Abnormal skull shape and prominent veins.</p><p>Health and Functional Decline:</p><p>Physical weakness.</p><p>Cognitive deterioration.</p><p>Seizures.</p><p>Diagnostic Tests:</p><p>Skull X-Ray:<br> Reveals abnormalities in bone structure due to pressure.</p><p>Computed Tomography (CT):<br> Detects ventricular enlargement or obstructions.</p><p>Transfontanelle Ultrasound:<br> A non-invasive test for infants, examining fluid buildup.</p><p>Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI):<br> Provides detailed images of brain structures and CSF pathways.</p><p>Treatment<br> typically involves surgical interventions such as <br>ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting<br> or <br>endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV)<br> to restore normal CSF flow.</p>