Obesity (Overweight)

<p>Obesity (Overweight)</p><p>Obesity means an excess fat collection in the body. There is always an optimal weight for every age and sex. The predisposition to become obese is due to a familiar history of obesity, sedentary habits, unhealthy eating habits, and genes that apparently contribute a 25-40% to obesity.</p><p>BMI<br> ( kg/m2 ) = Weight (kg) / Height 2 (m)</p><p>A. BMI 25 - 29.9 (overweight),</p><p>B. BMI 30 and above (obese)</p><p>CAUSES:</p><p>DUE TO:</p><p>Overeating</p><p>Due to habbit:</p><p>Peptic ulcer.</p><p>Hypoglycaemia.</p><p>Psychiatric problem.</p><p>Lack of exercise.</p><p>Genetic.</p><p>Due to endocrinal diseases:</p><p>Cushings syndrome.</p><p>Hypothyroidism.</p><p>Polycystic ovarian diseases.</p><p>Menopause.</p><p>Psychological unstability:</p><p>Bulimia nervosa.</p><p>Anxiety.</p><p>Depression.</p><p>6.Iatrogenic:</p><p>Corticosteroid,Conraceptives.</p><p>According to body shape,there are two types:</p><p>a. <br>Pear Shape.<br> Most are female. They have narrow shoulders,small breast,slim waist,but fat is mainly accumulated in hip,middle abdomen and thigh surroundings. To improve shape of this type,besides removing fat accumulated in hip,abdomen and thigh, you must strengthen muscle power of breast and abdomen.</p><p>b. <br>Apple Shape<br>. Most are male. Fat is mainly stored in abdomen. Weight gain in the area of and above the waist (apple type) is more dangerous than weight gained around the hips and flank area (pear type). Fat cells in the upper body have different qualities than those found in hips and thighs.</p><p>A number of factors contribute to obesity.</p><p>Diet: Eating high-fat, high-calorie foods causes weight gain.</p><p>Lack of exercise: Sedentary people don&#x27;t burn as many calories as active people.</p><p>Genetics: Your genes may influence how much fat your body stores and where it is stored. But genes alone do not mean you will be obese.</p><p>Age: People gain weight as they get older, because they tend to be less active and to lose muscle mass.</p><p>Psychological issues: Some people overeat when they are upset or stressed.</p><p>Medications: Some drugs, such as corticosteroids, blood pressure medication, and tricyclic antidepressants, can cause you to gain weight.</p><p>Medical problems: Rarely, obesity is due to a medical problem such as Cushing syndrome (where the adrenal glands produce too much hormone) or hypothyroidism (where the thyroid gland doesn&#x27;t produce enough hormone). Conditions such as osteoarthritis cause people to be less active, which can lead to weight gain.</p><p>COMPLICATION:</p><p>Type 2 diabetes</p><p>High cholesterol</p><p>High levels of triglycerides in the blood</p><p>Heart failure</p><p>varicose veins</p><p>Breast cancer and endometrial cancer</p><p>Prostate cancer</p><p>breathing disorders (e.g., sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)</p><p>certain types of cancers (e.g., prostate and bowel cancer in men, breast and uterine cancer in women)</p><p>coronary artery (heart) disease</p><p>depression</p><p>gallbladder or liver disease</p><p>gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)</p><p>high blood pressure</p><p>joint disease (e.g., osteoarthritis)</p><p>stroke</p><p>SOME TIPS:</p><p>Maintain a balance between caloric intake and energy expenditure. It is true that obese people consume more calories than they require and burn lesser calories. So an ideal balance needs to be maintained.</p><p>Start being more active.</p><p>Walk more, use the car less often.</p><p>Avoid using the car for short distances -&gt; try cycling or walking instead.</p><p>Climb stairs instead of always using the elevators.</p><p>Pursue active recreational sports when home rather than watching television or surfing the net.</p>