HAIR LOSS

<p>HAIR LOSS</p><p>It’s normal to shed about 100 hairs each day as old hairs are replaced by new ones. Hair loss is also known as baldness or alopecia. Your hair grows in three distinct phases - it grows, rests and falls out.</p><p>Various types of hair loss</p><p>Permanent baldness</p><p>● Male-pattern baldness (androgenetic alopecia) affects men during their teens or early twenties. Hair loss or balding appears at the top of the head with a receding hairline at the temples.</p><p>● Female-pattern baldness (androgenetic alopecia) is characterized by hair</p><p>thinning at the front, sides and crown of the head. Women seldom</p><p>experience complete hair loss.</p><p>● Cicatricial (scarring) alopecia is caused by scarring of the hair follicle. It is a</p><p>rare condition and is often associated with itching or pain.</p><p>Temporary baldness</p><p>● Alopecia areata</p><p>Hair loss occurs in small, bald spots in one particular area, usually on the scalp but</p><p>can affect other body areas such as eyebrows or beard. Hair eventually grows back</p><p>after several months but if all body hair is lost, it may never grow back.</p><p>● Telogen effluvium</p><p>A sudden loss of hair occurs because the normal hair growth cycle is interrupted.</p><p>Hair begins to thin and fall out of the scalp, particularly when you wash or comb or hair.</p><p>● Traction alopecia</p><p>This condition occurs as a result of hairstyles that pull too tightly on the hair</p><p>follicle. Hairstyles include braids, tight ponytails, cornrows, chignons, buns or</p><p>twists.</p><p>ANATOMY OF SCALP</p><p>Scalp is made of 5 layers:</p><p>Skin.</p><p>Superficial fascia.</p><p>Deep fascia.</p><p>Loose areolar tissue.</p><p>Pericranium.</p><p>PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HAIR GROWTH</p><p>Hair grows in cycles. Each cycle consists of a long</p><p>growing phase (anagen), a brief transitional apoptotic apoptotic phase (catagen), and a short resting phase (telogen). At the end of the resting phase, the hair falls out (exogen) and a new hair starts growing in the follicle, beginning the cycle again.</p><p>ALOPECIA<br> AREATA</p><p>Alopecia areata is define as hair loss in patches.</p><p>It is an autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by patchy or total hair loss from bodyfrom any hairy area of the body. In most cases, hair falls out in small, round</p><p>patches about the size of a quarter. Many people with the disease get only</p><p>a few bare patches. Alopecia areata is a noncontiguous disease. There is no definite cause for alopecia areata; however it is speculated that it can be hereditary or psychological. This disorder affects all age groups, with a higher prevalence in children and adolescents.</p><p>Androgenetic alopecia is hereditary thinning of the hair induced by androgens in genetically susceptible men and women. This condition is also known as male-pattern hair loss or common baldness in men and as female-pattern hair loss in women.</p><p>CAUSE:</p><p>Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease. Normally the immune system</p><p>protects the body against infection and disease. In an autoimmune disease,</p><p>the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks some part of your own body.</p><p>In alopecia areata, the immune system attacks the hair follicles.The cause is not known.</p><p>A.Pattern baldness (androgenetic alopecia) which develops as a result of</p><p>heredity factors</p><p>B. Cicatricial (scarring) alopecia occurs when the hair follicle is scarred and</p><p>damaged by inflammation</p><p>C. Alopecia areata is defined as an autoimmune disease and it is believed that</p><p>genetic factors may be the cause</p><p>D. Telogen effluvium is caused by a change to your normal cycle as a result of</p><p>physical or emotional stress (high fever, weight loss, loss of a family</p><p>member, nutritional deficiencies or surgery)</p><p>E. Traction alopecia is due to hairstyles that pull your hair back too tightly or</p><p>excessive hairstyling</p><p>Classification of Alopecia:-</p><p>A.Localised</p><p>B.Diffused</p><p>Types of Alopecia Areata:</p><p>Alopecia Areata monolocularis:</p><p>Alopecia Areata multilocularis</p><p>Alopecia Areata totalis:</p><p>Alopecia Areata universalis:</p><p>Alopecia Areata barbae:</p><p>Traction alopecia:</p><p>Clinical feature:-</p><p>Alopecia areata is characerized rapid or complete loss of hair is one or more round oval patches ,usually on the scalp .</p><p>Commonly the patches are from 1 to 5 cm in diameter.</p><p>During the active stage of hair loss pathognomonic `exclamation mark’ hair are seen (broken off 3 to 4cm long,which taper off toward the scalp).</p><p>INVESTIGATION</p><p>ESR</p><p>UREA &amp;ELECTROLYE</p><p>LFT</p><p>THYROID FUNCTION TEST</p><p>AUTO ANTIBODY PROFILE</p><p>TPHA(Treponema pallidum haemagglutinatin) test should be determine the cause of non scarring alopecia<br>.</p><p>Tips to cope with hair loss</p><p>Eat a proper, balanced diet that contains fresh fruit, vegetables, wholegrains</p><p>and protein Ensure that you get adequate rest and sleep to reduce stress</p><p>Have a regular scalp massage to increase blood circulation needed for hair</p><p>Growth.Essential oils such as lavender used as a massage oil are highly effective for stimulating hair growth.</p>